Cropping.
Cropping is taking an image or video and trimming off the edges. This is done to enhance the effect of the scene we can see. Make an object more Central or to get rid of unwanted edges. Here i show an example of cropping. The image on the left has been cropped from the image on the right. I did this so the frame was full of the flowers. I think it makes the image brighter however the original gives you more of a sense of whats happening in the photo. It looks like a wedding and they are her bouquet.
Sizing.
Sizing is literally changing the size of an image. This could be by changing its format to make it fit a purpose for example a profile picture or thumbnail. Or in video it could be changing the length of a video. For example you don't want to make it too long its boring but you don't want to get rid of too much in case any important information gets lost.
Choice of camera angles.
There are may different camera angles that you can use and many of them fit different purposes. To help me explain my shots i have picked up a video someone made on YouTube.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwbsYgZ7d-8 In the discribtion of the video it allows anyone to reuse his video as they please.
In this episode of eastenders mainly close up shots have been used to highlight who is speaking and make them look more important than the other people in the scene. Zoe stands up in this scene to show shes more superior than the other girls sitting around the table. Everyone is filmed in twos except the two more important people, Zoe and Kat. Up until the argument starts and then there are close ups of nearly everyone to highlight their reactions. They leave the bright and colourful restaurant to then walk in the street where its darker and moodier. This can then connote a sense of something bad about to happen as it gets a lot more dramatic and the tension builds. In the last scene of them talking in the street they use close ups however they also apply the 180 degree rule.
In this episode of hollyoaks, Silus kills India. At 0:15 - 0:44 the conversation is shot in up looking down and down looking up. This is to show that silua is more superior than India. The denotation is that Silus is taller than India but this connotes importance and it tells us that in this scene Silus has more contorl of the situation and whats is about to happen next.
Use of theme music.
Using the same footage i can see that the theme music for eastenders is there to help build suspense and to make it more dramatic. In this scene it is applied at the end of the film as this is where the episode ends. On a cliff hanger.
For example everyone is aware of the F.R.I.E.N.D.S theme tune. This youtube clip shows this theme music.
Theme music is a piece that is often written specifically for a radio program, television program, video game or movie, and usually played during the title sequence and/or end credits. If it is accompanied by lyrics, most often associated with the show, it is a theme song.
The phrase theme song or signature tune may also be used to refer to a song that has become especially associated with a particular performer or dignitary; often used as they make an entrance.
The purpose of a theme song is often similar to that of a leitmotif.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_hUHIv45gM In this scene of eastenders, Peggy Mitchell leaves the square. At the end of the show they have made her her own theme music, they used a similar tune as the original but used a new beat and lsowed it down for her. Peggy was a big part of eastenders so they made a big thing of her last scene.
Use of captions.
The use of captions is usually used for photographs. It helps explain the photograph a little bit more and gives the photo more of a meaning. It's like giving a photo a emotional name but adding extra on to it so people can further understand it. Captions can also be used to make something more emotional or even to give it some humour.
Choice of font.
The different varieties of font allow us to say different things. For example we can use scripts which show a sense of age. Then we have other fonts like graffiti that say 'young' and rebilish.
Use of stars
The use of different actors could be crucial as it can not only draw in audience it can also turn people away from watching a certain film or episode as they dont like the way they act or their character. However on the opposite side of this some actors/actresses tend to play the same role in different films. For example Jennifer Anniston is always in Rom-Coms and they can become rather predictable. Heres is an example of a romantic film she has starred in. This film is called Just Go With It.
Cropping is taking an image or video and trimming off the edges. This is done to enhance the effect of the scene we can see. Make an object more Central or to get rid of unwanted edges. Here i show an example of cropping. The image on the left has been cropped from the image on the right. I did this so the frame was full of the flowers. I think it makes the image brighter however the original gives you more of a sense of whats happening in the photo. It looks like a wedding and they are her bouquet.
Sizing is literally changing the size of an image. This could be by changing its format to make it fit a purpose for example a profile picture or thumbnail. Or in video it could be changing the length of a video. For example you don't want to make it too long its boring but you don't want to get rid of too much in case any important information gets lost.
Choice of camera angles.
There are may different camera angles that you can use and many of them fit different purposes. To help me explain my shots i have picked up a video someone made on YouTube.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwbsYgZ7d-8 In the discribtion of the video it allows anyone to reuse his video as they please.
In this episode of eastenders mainly close up shots have been used to highlight who is speaking and make them look more important than the other people in the scene. Zoe stands up in this scene to show shes more superior than the other girls sitting around the table. Everyone is filmed in twos except the two more important people, Zoe and Kat. Up until the argument starts and then there are close ups of nearly everyone to highlight their reactions. They leave the bright and colourful restaurant to then walk in the street where its darker and moodier. This can then connote a sense of something bad about to happen as it gets a lot more dramatic and the tension builds. In the last scene of them talking in the street they use close ups however they also apply the 180 degree rule.
In this episode of hollyoaks, Silus kills India. At 0:15 - 0:44 the conversation is shot in up looking down and down looking up. This is to show that silua is more superior than India. The denotation is that Silus is taller than India but this connotes importance and it tells us that in this scene Silus has more contorl of the situation and whats is about to happen next.
Using the same footage i can see that the theme music for eastenders is there to help build suspense and to make it more dramatic. In this scene it is applied at the end of the film as this is where the episode ends. On a cliff hanger.
For example everyone is aware of the F.R.I.E.N.D.S theme tune. This youtube clip shows this theme music.
The phrase theme song or signature tune may also be used to refer to a song that has become especially associated with a particular performer or dignitary; often used as they make an entrance.
The purpose of a theme song is often similar to that of a leitmotif.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_hUHIv45gM In this scene of eastenders, Peggy Mitchell leaves the square. At the end of the show they have made her her own theme music, they used a similar tune as the original but used a new beat and lsowed it down for her. Peggy was a big part of eastenders so they made a big thing of her last scene.
Use of captions.
The use of captions is usually used for photographs. It helps explain the photograph a little bit more and gives the photo more of a meaning. It's like giving a photo a emotional name but adding extra on to it so people can further understand it. Captions can also be used to make something more emotional or even to give it some humour.
Choice of font.The different varieties of font allow us to say different things. For example we can use scripts which show a sense of age. Then we have other fonts like graffiti that say 'young' and rebilish.
Use of stars
The use of different actors could be crucial as it can not only draw in audience it can also turn people away from watching a certain film or episode as they dont like the way they act or their character. However on the opposite side of this some actors/actresses tend to play the same role in different films. For example Jennifer Anniston is always in Rom-Coms and they can become rather predictable. Heres is an example of a romantic film she has starred in. This film is called Just Go With It.
This next section was done as gorup work. Me and Elliot worked on the first section and amber did the second section.
(Rianna and Elliot) Joint effort.
The most predominant colours of the newspaper is red, black and white. This isn't the only colours in the newspaper however they are represented as more important as they fill more of the page. The contrast of the white title on the black background makes it stand out and makes it more outstanding.
Language used is quite common which helps define the target audience as they use abbreviations of words and nicknames of celebrities. This helps show that they are targeting their audience at people from a lower to working class status as it is easy to read, and contains short sentences and paragraph's rather than pages of writing.
The text is bold and large which uses up a lot of the newspapers space. It is also quite plain and so it suggests they don't take much pride in presentation.
The images used in this paper helps draw in the target audience which is mainly men. This is shown by the half naked woman and the men represented in the other photos. Furthermore the advertising of free crisps is bright and colourful which would draw in the eye because it is typical that men like to snack out. This might convince someone to pick up the paper on a journey somewhere as they feel they are getting something for free out of it.
(Rianna and Elliot) Joint effort.
Language used is quite common which helps define the target audience as they use abbreviations of words and nicknames of celebrities. This helps show that they are targeting their audience at people from a lower to working class status as it is easy to read, and contains short sentences and paragraph's rather than pages of writing.
The text is bold and large which uses up a lot of the newspapers space. It is also quite plain and so it suggests they don't take much pride in presentation.
The images used in this paper helps draw in the target audience which is mainly men. This is shown by the half naked woman and the men represented in the other photos. Furthermore the advertising of free crisps is bright and colourful which would draw in the eye because it is typical that men like to snack out. This might convince someone to pick up the paper on a journey somewhere as they feel they are getting something for free out of it.
In this valentines episode of Hollyoaks we can see a lot of red and pink which symbolises love and hate. Pink is a very girly and lovable however in contrast the red could represent blood and fear. The red could be seen in two different ways we can tell this by Cheryl being alone and Mitzee receiving a valentines card from her ex in prison.
The language used is quite common as it is set in Chester, the outskirts of Liverpool, which is known for poor English. The only written text is in her essay at the beginning of the scene and in the valentines cards. In a usual episode there wouldn't be as much written text but because it is a valentines special there is a percentage more.
The music used in the opening is quite jolly and upbeat the lyrics read 'I got a love that keeps me waiting' which links in with the valentines theme.
(Amber)
"POV Shot" - POV stands for Point of view shot. It is a short film scence , that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (representing through the camera) . Point of view shots make us feel more involved in the scenes of films / tv programmes , and as if we are that character , and what they see .
In this first photograph the POV shot is the man on the bike looking at the scenery . In this scene the Point of view shot is the person at the table , that everybody is looking at . The director is making us feel as if we are that person to make us feel part of the scene . There facial expressions look shocked / confused which makes us feel for the character and the end of the table .
Cutaway:
What is cutaway ? cutaway is the interruption of a continuously filmed action for example they are used in soaps to show the different scenes and characters . e.g. Eastenders - in the pub with Kat & Alfie than in the cafe with Phil and Ben Mitchell than back to the pub . It used within a sequence which is edited to one shot to another / a scene to another.
Its also most common uses in dramatic films are to adjust the pace of the main action, to conceal the deletion of some unwanted part of the main shot, or to allow the joining of parts of two versions of that shot. For example, a scene may be improved by cutting a few frames out of an actor's pause. Cutaways are also used often in older horror films in place of special effects. For example, a shot of a zombie getting its head cut off may, for instance, start with a view of an axe being swung through the air, followed by a close-up of the actor swinging it, then followed by a cut back to the now severed head .
Compare two newspapers Tabloid and Broadsheet structure
Tabloid newspaper
The structure of this newspaper is split into boxes , which looks more appealing , also there is use of images instead of load of text , which also grabs your attention . The bottom part of this newspaper "the sun next Sunday" grabs your attention with the black background and the white text , and makes you want to read on . "Nicole a Lew's woman again" is soft news because its celebrity gossip which makes you want to find out about them . The sun uses slang / they shorten words instead of writing there full name which connotes a young audience and shows its targeted audience is males & females from the sports and the celebrity gossip .
(Amber)
"POV Shot" - POV stands for Point of view shot. It is a short film scence , that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (representing through the camera) . Point of view shots make us feel more involved in the scenes of films / tv programmes , and as if we are that character , and what they see .In this first photograph the POV shot is the man on the bike looking at the scenery . In this scene the Point of view shot is the person at the table , that everybody is looking at . The director is making us feel as if we are that person to make us feel part of the scene . There facial expressions look shocked / confused which makes us feel for the character and the end of the table .
Cutaway:
What is cutaway ? cutaway is the interruption of a continuously filmed action for example they are used in soaps to show the different scenes and characters . e.g. Eastenders - in the pub with Kat & Alfie than in the cafe with Phil and Ben Mitchell than back to the pub . It used within a sequence which is edited to one shot to another / a scene to another.
Its also most common uses in dramatic films are to adjust the pace of the main action, to conceal the deletion of some unwanted part of the main shot, or to allow the joining of parts of two versions of that shot. For example, a scene may be improved by cutting a few frames out of an actor's pause. Cutaways are also used often in older horror films in place of special effects. For example, a shot of a zombie getting its head cut off may, for instance, start with a view of an axe being swung through the air, followed by a close-up of the actor swinging it, then followed by a cut back to the now severed head .
Compare two newspapers Tabloid and Broadsheet structure
Tabloid newspaper The structure of this newspaper is split into boxes , which looks more appealing , also there is use of images instead of load of text , which also grabs your attention . The bottom part of this newspaper "the sun next Sunday" grabs your attention with the black background and the white text , and makes you want to read on . "Nicole a Lew's woman again" is soft news because its celebrity gossip which makes you want to find out about them . The sun uses slang / they shorten words instead of writing there full name which connotes a young audience and shows its targeted audience is males & females from the sports and the celebrity gossip .
Broadsheet newspaper.
The Times newspaper structure is very text based and wouldn't really appeal to a younger audience compared to the sun , which is less text and would appeal to a mix audience . The times is more money to but compared to the sun which connotes that this newspapers is more appealing to business people / older aged . There is a picture which underneath saids "photographer who put Marilyn on every front page dies at 99" , which is a long title , which the sun would probably use slang .
That was the end of the group work. This is now my own work.
Colour
Colour in an image or scene can change how we feel about something. For example brighter colours will bring out emotions of happiness.On the other hand darker shades of colours may make us feel depressed and make us feel negative about a certain thing.
For example the film Avatar is considered a bright and colourful film. Whereas this other image off of the Internet shows mystery and darkness. There are two very different feelings being portrayed in both these images.
They are considered subliminal messages, we don't notice them but we are effected by it.
Language
Language is very important in a film it helps define it's genre and can make it feel different. For example a film that is set in central London is more likely to have a 'rouhg' look and feel about it for example they wont speak in proper English as it once were but instead use slang. For example in the film 'Aulthood' they use alot of slang and swear words to help show how 'badass' the characters think they are. I have included a clip from that film in order to show exactly what i mean.
Music
In a scene from a film or programme the music they use can be crucial. This is because it can be up beat or slow and it can instantly change a persons mood, changing the audience view of a scene or issue. For example if they was a problem to occur then dramatic music was automatically used after it it would make the situation become more intense and dramatic.
Image
Image can be a very important thing to the success of a paper or advertisement. Colour is also included in this because it can draw in a persons eye or turn them away from buying a newspaper. For example reds, yellows will be brought because they connote happiness and it will give you something nice to read about. However tones such as black show darkness and drama. This might also be what someone looks for in a newspaper so it might be good for a paper to use this on the front cover.
On this paper they use a photo of a famous lady and her new born child. The tittle reads 'My heart stopped for 40 seconds' It doesn't however state who this is about we can only assume it about her or the child. We then become curious and want to pick up the newspaper to find out what happened.
They both look very innocent in this photo and so it makes them look vunerable, we then feel sorry for them and want to read more about the story.
Sound Effects
Sound effects can make all the difference to a scene. For example if the scene was a fight of war then we would expect bomb firres and swords swipes. If we dont heasr them it becomes unrealistic to us. However if they're done too much then it becomes obvious to us that they are just sound effects. Other sound effects that are used are things such as background music, this is used quite often in scenes from Hollyoaks.
This scene in Hollyoaks is the point where India is killed. She is set up by Silus pretending to someone else on a dating website. He then pretends to use her phone and murders her. As it get more tense music is slowly brought into the scene. The music begins at 0:50 and gets louder at 0:55. It then uses images to flash back to her sister and friend who are waiting for her at home completely oblivious to the situation outside. At 0:59 we can her screaming which shows shes in pain and needs help.
Using the clip i can see how their outfits and costumes would effect the way the audience views the scene. Silus is wearing dark colours and India is wearing red. The red makes her stand out in the scene. It can connote things such as blood and violence. Not only this but she is near a woods. This reminds me of little red riding hood the children's story.
As the murderer is a old man they are usually seen as innocent people and so when she comes across him in danger and in need of help she naturally goes to help him however she wasn't aware what was about to happen.
There were a few props highlighted in this scene, the car, phone and ring. It is vital for the ring to be shown because Silus takes the jewelry of his victims and keeps it as a keep safe. Another prop was the phone, he took it from her as he told her that he needed to borrow it in order to phone someone to fix his broken down car. There is a close up of the phone and then we see her pause before she takes it back as he said her name and she didn't know how he knew that. We then saw the reaction on her face, as she became scared we knew what was about to happen. It shows the close up of the phone as he puts it back into his pocket. This means she cant have it in order to call anyone for help. They'res no way out for her, we can see the setting of a near by woods. It is dark and mysterious.
Denotations and connotations
Denotation is what is obvious to the eye and a connotation is the reasoning behind it and the meaning it creates. For example the dennotaion of this photo would be a colour popped image. The right handside there is a bubble positioned on someones hand. In this bubble the photo is warped to look like we're seeing through an actual bubble. However the inside of the bubble has been colour popped this means that there is colour in the bubble but the rest of the photo is in black and white.
The connotations woudl be isolation because someone or something is in their own bubble. This would create a feeling of them being in their own world. As there are photos hanging on the left it might connote painting your own story because of the colours.
Signifiers, signified and signs
The idea of signifiers, signified and signs was introduced by Ferdinand De Saussure.
The idea of signifiers, signified and signs was introduced by Ferdinand De Saussure.
Anchorage
Anchorage is something that helps explain something else. A caption might be an example of anchorage.The use of captions is usually used for photographs. It helps explain the photograph a little bit more and gives the photo more of a meaning. It's like giving a photo a emotional name but adding extra on to it so people can further understand it. Captions can also be used to make something more emotional or even to give it some humour.
Anchorage is something that helps explain something else. A caption might be an example of anchorage.The use of captions is usually used for photographs. It helps explain the photograph a little bit more and gives the photo more of a meaning. It's like giving a photo a emotional name but adding extra on to it so people can further understand it. Captions can also be used to make something more emotional or even to give it some humour.
Iconography and codes and conventions.
We see iconography as the repetitive usage of something. It is reading and understanding the use of imagery. For example a in a soap it would help us to understand the cultural and social issues and values. One other things iconography is useful in is film as a poster or advertisement would help us understand what genre it is and tells us what kind of story line we can expect.
In a soap the opening titles for the programme can say a lot about what you can expect for example the opening of coronation street connotes its a small village and all the houses are the same and equal. However the denotation would be that it shows many rows of houses all the same size, dark, dull and miserable and they buildings look as if they are never ending. It also swoops past a tall building of flats this shows that it is a bigger world outside of these small streets but our focus is on this small village. The connotations of this would suggest that there isn't any excitement in the village and it is an ordinary place. The meaning behind the never ending houses would be that they are all equals in the street and no-one is wealthier or better off than others. They are all the same as us.
This poster for 'The ledge' tells us that is is a dark action film. Using its catchy slogan of ' One step can change your life' suggests that its attention gripping especially since its written in capital letters. The positioning of the characters on the poster suggest that its a dangerous film as the two on the outer side don't look happy and the man in the centre looks like he could be suicidal because of the gun. The dark images show that its a dark subject that the film has been based around further more the two characters on the edge seem to be over looking a scene added with the title it would suggest that at some point in the film they go to great heights.
The denotation of the poster is dark images, gun and three characters. This conotes that its a dark gripping film using weapons to create excitement. Not only this because there are three different characters this would explain that maybe one feels left out and there are arguments over the only girl in the film?
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